Sealed lead acid battery charger uses the constant current-constant voltage (CC/CV) charge method. There is a regulated current that raises the terminal voltage until the upper charge voltage limit is reached. At this point, the current drops due to saturation. The charge time usually is 12–16 hours, and can be up to 36–48 hours for larger stationary batteries. Using higher charge currents, and multi-stage charge methods, the charge time can be reduced to 8–10 hours; however, this keeps the battery from a full topping charge. Lead acid is sluggish and therefore cannot be charged as quickly as other battery systems.
Lead acid batteries have three stages in charging. These stages are: a constant-current charge, topping charge, and float charge. A constant-current charge applies the bulk of the load and also takes up roughly half of the required charge time. A topping charge continues at a lower charge current, as well as provides saturation, and the float charge compensates for any loss that is caused by self-discharge.
Sealed lead acid battery charger uses the constant current-constant voltage (CC/CV) charge method. There is a regulated current that raises the terminal voltage until the upper charge voltage limit is reached. At this point, the current drops due to saturation. The charge time usually is 12–16 hours, and can be up to 36–48 hours for larger stationary batteries. Using higher charge currents, and multi-stage charge methods, the charge time can be reduced to 8–10 hours; however, this keeps the battery from a full topping charge. Lead acid is sluggish and therefore cannot be charged as quickly as other battery systems.
Lead acid batteries have three stages in charging. These stages are: a constant-current charge, topping charge, and float charge. A constant-current charge applies the bulk of the load and also takes up roughly half of the required charge time. A topping charge continues at a lower charge current, as well as provides saturation, and the float charge compensates for any loss that is caused by self-discharge.
With a constant-current charge, the battery charges up to around 70 percent in approximately 5–8 hours. The remaining 30 percent is filled using the slower topping charge, which lasts another 7–10 hours. Topping charge is essential to the well-being of the battery life. If it is continually deprived during a charge, the battery will eventually lose the ability to accept a full charge. This will cause a performance decrease owing to sulfation. The float charge, in the third stage of charging, maintains the battery at a full charge.
Guidelines for Charging Lead Acid Batteries
Always charge batteries in a well-ventilated area. Hydrogen gas generated during charging can be explosive. It is crucial to choose the appropriate charge program for flooded, gel, or AGM batteries. Check the manufacturer’s specifications on the recommended voltage thresholds for each battery.
Always recharge lead-acid batteries after each use to help prevent sulfation. Do not store on low charge.
The plates of flooded batteries always need to be fully submerged in an electrolyte. To do this fill the battery with distilled or de-ionized water to cover the plates if it is low, and never add electrolyte. Fill the water level to the designated level after charging. Overfilling can cause acid spillage when the battery is on low charge. Hydrogen appears on the negative plate and oxygen on the positive plate. This formation of gas bubbles in a flooded lead-acid indicates that the battery is reaching full state-of-charge.
Lower the float charge voltage if the ambient temperature is higher than 29°C (85°F)..
An empty battery will freeze sooner than one that is charged. Never allow a lead-acid battery to freeze. Never charge a frozen battery.
Avoid charging at temperatures above 49°C (120°F).
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